Python Program to Merge Files

Aim: Write a Python code to merge two given file contents into a third file.

Program:


with open("first.txt","r") as fh1:
    with open("second.txt","r") as fh2:
        with open("mergefile.txt","w") as fh3:
            q=fh1.readlines()+fh2.readlines()
            fh3.writelines(q)

Sample Viva Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of file handling in Python?
- File handling allows reading, writing, and managing files stored on a system using Python.
How do you open a file in Python?
- Using the open() function with modes like "r" (read), "w" (write), "a" (append), etc.
What happens if you try to read a file that doesn’t exist?
- A FileNotFoundError occurs if the specified file does not exist.
What does the readlines() function do?
- It reads all lines from a file and returns them as a list.
What is the difference between "w" and "a" mode in file handling?
- "w" mode overwrites the file, whereas "a" mode appends new content without deleting the existing data.
How can you check if a file exists before opening it?
- By using the os.path.exists("filename") function from the os module.
What is the purpose of using with open() instead of open()?
- with open() ensures that the file is automatically closed after execution, preventing memory leaks.
How can you handle exceptions while working with files?
- By using try-except blocks to catch errors like FileNotFoundError or PermissionError.
What are some common file formats that Python can read and write?
- Python can handle .txt, .csv, .json, .xml, .log, .html, and many more file types.
How can you merge the contents of two files into a third file?

By reading the contents of the two files using read() or readlines(), then writing the combined data into a third file using write() or writelines().

📌 Python Programming Lab – Complete Guide

Welcome to the Python Programming Lab! This comprehensive lab series is designed to provide a solid foundation in Python programming through practical exercises and hands-on learning. From basic calculations to advanced concepts like file handling, modules, and GUI programming, this lab covers it all. Let’s dive into what you’ll be learning throughout this lab course.

🔍 Week 1: Introduction to Python Basics

In the first week, you will explore fundamental Python concepts aimed at building a strong foundation for your programming journey.

Getting Started with Python: Visit the Python Official Website to explore documentation and use the help() function in the interpreter.
Python as a Calculator: Learn how to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Calculating Compound Interest: Write a program to calculate compound interest using the formula with given principal, rate, and time.
Distance Calculation: Compute the distance between two points using the distance formula.
Reading User Details: Write a program to collect and print user details like name, address, email, and phone number.

🔍 Week 2: Python Loops and Conditional Statements

This week focuses on using loops and conditional statements effectively.

Pattern Generation: Print a triangle pattern using nested loops.
Character Identification: Write a program to identify whether the input is a digit, lowercase, uppercase, or special character.
Fibonacci Sequence Generation: Use a while loop to generate the Fibonacci series.
Prime Numbers Identification: Find all prime numbers within a specified range using the break statement.

🔍 Week 3: Data Structures and Functions

Dive into data structures and creating functions to enhance your programming skills.

Converting Lists and Tuples to Arrays: Understand how to convert different data structures.
Finding Common Values: Compare two arrays to find common values.
Calculating GCD: Create a function to calculate the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers.
Palindrome Checker: Write a function that checks if a given string is a palindrome.

🔍 Week 4: Advanced Functions and String Manipulation

This week emphasizes sorting, handling duplicate elements, and manipulating strings effectively.

Checking Sorted Lists: Write a function to check if a list is sorted.
Handling Duplicates: Create functions to detect and remove duplicates from lists.
Dictionary Inversion: Write a program to swap keys and values in a dictionary.
String Manipulation: Add commas between characters, remove words from strings, and convert sentences to title case without using built-in functions.
Binary String Generation: Use recursion to generate all binary strings of a specified length.

🔍 Week 5: Working with Matrices and Modules

Learn to work with matrices and create custom modules for various applications.

Matrix Operations: Define, print, add, and multiply square matrices using Python.
Creating Modules: Build modules using geometrical shapes and their operations.
Exception Handling: Implement exception handling for robust error management.

🔍 Week 6: Object-Oriented Programming and Validation

This week focuses on using classes, inheritance, and validation techniques.

Drawing Shapes with Classes:
- Create classes for rectangles, points, and circles, and draw them on a canvas.
- Add colors and attributes to these shapes to enhance visualization.
Method Resolution Order (MRO): Demonstrate MRO in multiple inheritance scenarios.
Data Validation: Write programs to validate phone numbers and email addresses.

🔍 Week 7: File Handling and Text Processing

Master file handling techniques and analyzing text data.

File Merging: Combine the contents of two files into a new file.
Word Search: Create a function to find specific words in a file.
Word Frequency Analysis: Identify the most frequent words in a text file.
Text Statistics: Count words, vowels, blank spaces, lowercase, and uppercase letters in a file.

🔍 Week 8: Python Libraries and GUI Programming

Explore advanced Python libraries and build simple graphical user interfaces.

NumPy, Plotly, and Scipy: Learn how to install and use these powerful libraries for data analysis and visualization.
Digital Logic Gates: Implement logic gate operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and EX-OR.
Adder Circuits: Create programs for Half Adders, Full Adders, and Parallel Adders.
GUI Programming: Build a simple window wizard with text labels, input fields, and buttons using Python’s GUI tools.

🌟 Conclusion:

The Python Programming Lab R23 provides you with a strong foundation in Python programming through a wide range of exercises, from basic concepts to advanced topics. By the end of this lab, you will have gained valuable skills in data processing, file handling, OOP, modules, and GUI development. Start coding and enhance your Python skills! 🚀