Python Digital Logic Gates Implementation (AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR)

Aim: Write a program to implement Digital Logic Gates – AND, OR, NOT, EX-OR

Program:


Function to simulate OR Gate
def OR(A, B):
   return A | B


print("OUTPUT of LOGICAL OR:")
print("Output of 0 OR 0 is", OR(0, 0))
print("Output of 0 OR 1 is", OR(0, 1))
print("Output of 1 OR 0 is", OR(1, 0))
print("Output of 1 OR 1 is", OR(1, 1))

# Function to simulate OR Gate
def AND(A, B):
   return A & B


print("+-----------------------------+")
print("OUTPUT of LOGICAL AND:")
print("Output of 0 AND 0 is", AND(0, 0))
print("Output of 0 AND 1 is", AND(0, 1))
print("Output of 1 AND 0 is", AND(1, 0))
print("Output of 1 AND 1 is", AND(1, 1))

# Function to simulate NOT Gate
def NOT(A):
   return ~A+2

print("+-----------------------------+")
print("OUTPUT of LOGICAL NOT:")
print("Output of NOT 0 is", NOT(0))
print("Output of NOT 1 is", NOT(1))

# Function to simulate XOR Gate
def XOR(A, B):
   return A ^ B

print("+-----------------------------+")
print("OUTPUT of LOGICAL XOR:")
print("Output of 0 XOR 0 is", XOR(0, 0))
print("Output of 0 XOR 1 is", XOR(0, 1))
print("Output of 1 XOR 0 is", XOR(1, 0))
print("Output of 1 XOR 1 is", XOR(1, 1))

Output:

Sample Viva Questions and Answers

What are digital logic gates?
Digital logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital circuits that perform logical operations on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output.
What is the function of an AND gate?
An AND gate outputs true (1) only if all its inputs are true (1). If any input is false (0), the output is false (0).
How does an OR gate operate?
An OR gate outputs true (1) if at least one of its inputs is true (1). It only outputs false (0) when all inputs are false (0).
What is the role of a NOT gate?
A NOT gate, also known as an inverter, outputs the opposite value of its input. If the input is true (1), the output is false (0), and vice versa.
What does an EX-OR (exclusive OR) gate do?
An EX-OR gate outputs true (1) if the number of true inputs is odd. It outputs false (0) if the inputs are the same (both true or both false).
How can you implement these gates in Python?
These gates can be implemented using simple conditional statements or logical operators in Python.
What are the truth tables for AND, OR, NOT, and EX-OR gates?
Truth tables define the output for all possible input combinations for each gate, showing how the output changes based on the inputs.
What is the significance of digital logic gates in computing?
Digital logic gates are fundamental to the design of digital circuits, including processors, memory, and other components in computers and electronic devices.
Can you combine multiple gates to create complex circuits?
Yes, multiple gates can be combined to create complex circuits, such as adders, multiplexers, and flip-flops, which perform more advanced logical operations.
What are some practical applications of digital logic gates?
Digital logic gates are used in various applications, including computer architecture, digital signal processing, control systems, and embedded systems.

📌 Python Programming Lab – Complete Guide

Welcome to the Python Programming Lab! This comprehensive lab series is designed to provide a solid foundation in Python programming through practical exercises and hands-on learning. From basic calculations to advanced concepts like file handling, modules, and GUI programming, this lab covers it all. Let’s dive into what you’ll be learning throughout this lab course.

🔍 Week 1: Introduction to Python Basics

In the first week, you will explore fundamental Python concepts aimed at building a strong foundation for your programming journey.

Getting Started with Python: Visit the Python Official Website to explore documentation and use the help() function in the interpreter.
Python as a Calculator: Learn how to perform basic arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Calculating Compound Interest: Write a program to calculate compound interest using the formula with given principal, rate, and time.
Distance Calculation: Compute the distance between two points using the distance formula.
Reading User Details: Write a program to collect and print user details like name, address, email, and phone number.

🔍 Week 2: Python Loops and Conditional Statements

This week focuses on using loops and conditional statements effectively.

Pattern Generation: Print a triangle pattern using nested loops.
Character Identification: Write a program to identify whether the input is a digit, lowercase, uppercase, or special character.
Fibonacci Sequence Generation: Use a while loop to generate the Fibonacci series.
Prime Numbers Identification: Find all prime numbers within a specified range using the break statement.

🔍 Week 3: Data Structures and Functions

Dive into data structures and creating functions to enhance your programming skills.

Converting Lists and Tuples to Arrays: Understand how to convert different data structures.
Finding Common Values: Compare two arrays to find common values.
Calculating GCD: Create a function to calculate the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers.
Palindrome Checker: Write a function that checks if a given string is a palindrome.

🔍 Week 4: Advanced Functions and String Manipulation

This week emphasizes sorting, handling duplicate elements, and manipulating strings effectively.

Checking Sorted Lists: Write a function to check if a list is sorted.
Handling Duplicates: Create functions to detect and remove duplicates from lists.
Dictionary Inversion: Write a program to swap keys and values in a dictionary.
String Manipulation: Add commas between characters, remove words from strings, and convert sentences to title case without using built-in functions.
Binary String Generation: Use recursion to generate all binary strings of a specified length.

🔍 Week 5: Working with Matrices and Modules

Learn to work with matrices and create custom modules for various applications.

Matrix Operations: Define, print, add, and multiply square matrices using Python.
Creating Modules: Build modules using geometrical shapes and their operations.
Exception Handling: Implement exception handling for robust error management.

🔍 Week 6: Object-Oriented Programming and Validation

This week focuses on using classes, inheritance, and validation techniques.

Drawing Shapes with Classes:
- Create classes for rectangles, points, and circles, and draw them on a canvas.
- Add colors and attributes to these shapes to enhance visualization.
Method Resolution Order (MRO): Demonstrate MRO in multiple inheritance scenarios.
Data Validation: Write programs to validate phone numbers and email addresses.

🔍 Week 7: File Handling and Text Processing

Master file handling techniques and analyzing text data.

File Merging: Combine the contents of two files into a new file.
Word Search: Create a function to find specific words in a file.
Word Frequency Analysis: Identify the most frequent words in a text file.
Text Statistics: Count words, vowels, blank spaces, lowercase, and uppercase letters in a file.

🔍 Week 8: Python Libraries and GUI Programming

Explore advanced Python libraries and build simple graphical user interfaces.

NumPy, Plotly, and Scipy: Learn how to install and use these powerful libraries for data analysis and visualization.
Digital Logic Gates: Implement logic gate operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and EX-OR.
Adder Circuits: Create programs for Half Adders, Full Adders, and Parallel Adders.
GUI Programming: Build a simple window wizard with text labels, input fields, and buttons using Python’s GUI tools.

🌟 Conclusion:

The Python Programming Lab R23 provides you with a strong foundation in Python programming through a wide range of exercises, from basic concepts to advanced topics. By the end of this lab, you will have gained valuable skills in data processing, file handling, OOP, modules, and GUI development. Start coding and enhance your Python skills! 🚀